Partnership transportation Essay

Organization transportation in wide brain implies contribution of all gatherings in the running and activities of transportation and its effect, recovered from a diary on â€Å"facilitating association in transportation (2005) page 7 and 8†, by James A Merchant and Barbara T Harder. Transportation and support is a work done by nearby government and the state in a joint effort with different accomplices. Association transportation includes combination of different bodies in the vehicle area. Association in transportation division can be ordered into two classifications. First there is fuse of all methods for transport, this incorporate pipeline transportation strategy, railroad transportation technique, aviation route, shipment, street transportation strategies. Second, there is coordination of privately owned businesses and individuals that own the vehicles, marine boats, airbuses and pipelines, office of trade and industry that has the potential human asset forces to enhance new innovations that improve fuel sparing, and other car affiliations. In transportation, no particular body that can deal with transportation division separately without participation of different gatherings as showed by Mark Wymond-1917-178 pages in his book â€Å"Our transportation problem† ,www.worldcatlibraries.org . For instance, poor administration of institutional structure may break down streets the executives, railroad the executives and so on. Poor states of street, railroads and air terminals in view of poor administrations and upkeep might be another issue of concern. Absence of characterized obligations of each partner party, insufficient and powerless administration structures can likewise have unfavorable impacts in the transportation segment. Absence of administrative responsibility is another issue of concern; this is on the grounds that transportation itself is an individual character. Thus, there must be someone to react to different issues that may emerge. The responsive party would incorporate government authorities and private vehicle cartels.  Failure because of street and railroad builds unfavorably influences transportation part. The administration is engaged with financing open streets and different methods for transportation. The administration ensures that there is decide of law that is followed. It is crafted by oversee to alleviate the transportation forms.  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Historical foundation Association transportation brought about way that shouldn't be. It dates us back to the mid seventeen century when the detainees in Victoria were being shipped from different pieces of the nation to Australia.[1] This was an aim to rebuff the detainees since there were no enough penitentiaries to keep them. Along these lines, an answer was found on to how to rebuff those detainees. Perhaps the most ideal approaches to do that was to urge the detainees to complete difficult work, tiring occupations and exhausting undertakings, for example, strolling miles away to ship products or to top oakum.  â â â â â â â â â â â â â Farming is another issue that came about to organization transportation. This included business exercises happening as transportation course; this made the development of different transportation course for example  The Chin prior channels, and rail lines were created, connecting the town to different pieces of the locale. A tract was opened to pioneers and land organizations by the Clinton settlement in 1788. The development of Hamilton town was a result of incitement by a few fundamental streets, which crossed from east to west. In this way, there ejected a connection between the ranchers and transportation board in different nations. Transportation of ranch produce came about to development and improvement of transportation division. Then again, ranchers profited by simple methods for getting to the business sectors for their produce. All the while, exchanging began and business flourished immensely. This came about to firm rivalry that empowered colleagues to blend and to think of a plan to cooperate, this is the means by which the association transportation developed. That came about to car firms that began contending on assembling various types of vehicles. From that point forward the innovation has progressed to the assembling of room ships. Status: current issues, rehearses, improvements, discussions and effect of association transport.  â â â â â â â â â â The current issues of organization transportation incorporate workers and driving society, protection and enlistment, support and fixes, security and advancement. There is the issue of standing up to the overwhelming test presented by worldwide climatic change. The principle wellspring of green house gases like carbon dioxide is consuming of non-renewable energy source by either through consuming coals, oils, petroleum, lamp oil and so on. Consuming of non-renewable energy source incorporate in any event, sitting. In this manner, a dangerous atmospheric devation is brought about by emanation of green house gases that contaminate the environment and this go inseparably with industrialization. It is because of industrialization that transportation is upgraded by assembling of cars. Along these lines, there must be away of organization relationship in battling the outcomes of transportation. It is reasonable for industrialized nations to upgrade the issue of relieving this impact as they are the primary driver.  â â â â â â â â â â Global warming is one of the negative effects brought about by the gas discharged via autos. Essentially the climatic change is generally brought about by contamination that influences the ozone layer. At that point the ozone layer turns out to be less successful in controlling the settlement of radiation from the sun. Along these lines, the vehicle board must handle this issue since they are a piece of the reason adjacent to industrialization. What's more, this contamination majorly affects the quality and possibility of travel arranged turn of events. The current issue of concern is to alleviate fuel utilization and to stay away from mishaps brought about by careless driving.â Reckless driving practices can have a negative ramifications on vehicle efficiency. This venture of preparing drivers can upgrade efficiency in light of the fact that accomplished specialists would spare utilization. This is by utilizing straightforward procedures like voyage control system, evaluating at whatever point conceivable, keeping away from utilization of taxi apparatuses, delicate and continuous increasing speed and dynamic moving. Every one of these instruments improve decrease of speed. Transport division as a team with the traffic police; address this issue by guaranteeing that transport rules and guidelines are clung to. Travel network plan is improved day by day to upgrade pediatrician strolling; this makes passenger’s development simple starting with one development then onto the next. Merchandise development administrations ought to be improved to upgrade load and cargo transportation, this incorporate travel extension program goals for rail, street, transport and ship travel ventures. Cargo development is fundamental to any economy and lifestyle. For instance in every year in the US, car moved around ten billion tons of cargo worth more than 7.5 trillion dollars whereby, the ground cargo expended critical vitality and the segment developed as  expected. This is an improvement issue in light of the fact that more than thirty five billion gallons of fuel will increment to around forty five billion constantly 2013. The ground cargo industry is enormous and decentralized; this is on the grounds that 7,000,000 cargo trucks and twenty thousand trains are in organization transportation in US and this is definitely not a straightforward thing. Another improvement issue is the progressing exercises concerning people on foot arranging systems, bike riders, network based arranging and advancement they mean to take. Contentions results because of the need of growing the vehicle course, this is on the grounds that extension may prompt blockage or departure of certain individuals from the expected detour. This program’s objective is to propel the discoveries of the life saver transportation arrange proposal through joint effort with network associations, travel organizations and blockage the board offices so as to limit the contest. Consequently, the debates that emerge because of clog are managed. Other formative plans incorporate new methods for transport being enhanced to cook for the transportation needs of the nations low-pay, older and impaired populaces. For instance, the network based arranging program. This program’s objective is to propel the discoveries of the transportation arrange framework through coordinated effort Going on, there is this issue about the car and transportation practice and advancement.  â â â â â â â â â â These are the a portion of the flow rehearses that incorporate the car and transportation practice that gives worldwide statistical surveying to the finished autos. Mechanical  analysis, simultaneous business research which includes custom statistical surveying and discussion, advertise problem, the executives counseling and advancement of new procedures result to developing advances that are intended to help transportation division to address momentum patterns and difficulties influencing transportation segment and association. Another capacity is to recognize new innovations that can prompt worthwhile open doors for development. This work includes a  global group of car and transportation statistical surveying investigators, industry specialists, and marketâ consultants who ceaselessly screen the car and transportation industry including coordinations, rail frameworks, car testing, symptomatic sand new skeleton advances. In this association transportation, there is preparing for drivers to be outfitted with driving elements. This is on the grounds that, newâ business vehicles that are being made have these new advancements, for instance  telemetric and infotainment, power train ,elective impetus, wellbeing and  driving help not overlooking admonition frameworks.  â â�

Detection of Vanadium Using Immobilizing 4-(2-pyridylazo)

Recognition of Vanadium Using Immobilizing 4-(2-pyridylazo) Unaided eye recognition of vanadium utilizing immobilizing 4-(2-pyridylazo)- resorcinol on functionalized HMS Mohamad taghi Samadi1, Abas Afkhami2, Kadijeh Shamsi 1, *and Abdolmotaleb Said mohamadi1 theoretical In this work, cheap optical sensor for the unaided eye discovery of vanadium by immobilizing 4-(2-pyridylazo)- resorcinol on the functionalized hexagonal mesoporous silica by means of N-trimethoxysilylpropyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride in fluid mediae has been utilized. The impacts of a few factors, for example, pH, response time, measure of the material, and the nearness of different focus HMS-TMAC-PAR has been concentrated in order to enhance working conditions. The location was result the shading change of PAR complexation with vanadium as of orange-yellow to purple in basic arrangements. Moreover, the great execution of the hexagonal sensors was subject to fundamental factors, for example, the response time, and the pH esteem that demonstrated conceivable unaided eye discovery of vanadium grouping of uncommon intrigue was that our mesostructured sensor configuration flexibly authority over the maintenance of the potential usefulness of the unaided eye detecting arrangement o f vanadium particles upon the capacity and significantly later a few recovery and reuse cycles, showing wide-scale reversibility of detecting strategies. The discovery and evaluation limits for the strategy while deciding vanadium were 40 ppbâ€400 ppb, separately, with a connection coefficient of 0.99. Great compound dependability of the significant was seeing for a time of a while. Presentation Vanadium is normally circulated in the earth’s covering yet in little bounty. Vanadium at follow sums speaks to an imperative component for ordinary cell development, yet can be poisonous when present at much concentration(1). the burning of non-renewable energy source are portrayed as one of the significant wellsprings of ecological contamination by vanadium since coal and oil are in among the most extravagant wellsprings of the metal . Regular stores of vanadium in coal and fundamental oil shift in the midst of 1 and 1.5ãâ€"103 mg/kg and it has been evaluated that diverse 65ãâ€"103tons are discharged into the condition each year by common releases, for example, volcanoes and 2ãâ€"105 tons by anthropological resource(2). The grouping of vanadium in water is to a great extent reliant on geological position and ranges from 0.0002 to more than 0.1 mg/liter in freshwater(3). the particular and touchy identification of low centralizations of vanadium is significant (4). Despite the fact that few techniques are accessible for recognition (AAS/AES[1] ØÅ'ICPMS[2] , ICPEAS[3] (1, 5) yet these strategies are costly, need modern apparatuss and require extraordinary control of exploratory systems or inaccessible for the on location identification. The field of optical substance sensors has been a developing examination territory throughout the most recent three decades. Synthetic sensors are scaled down gadgets that can gracefully ongoing and on-line data on the nearness of explicit mixes in even complex samples(6) In the last years,have seen the presence of mesoporous silicate-based detecting employments. Sensor framework Mesoporous silicas, with enormous BET surface region, barely appropriated pore size, high porosity(7), have demonstrated boundless potential for detecting applications in new years. Morphological control endowments them adaptability in the method of course of action whether as stone monuments, mass powders, meager movies, or embedded in co atings. Extraordinary surface territories and pore sizes more prominent has made them powerful as adsorbent. This evade the filtering that can happen from physical embodiment and mesopores can permit openness of analytes to a considerable lot of dynamic finds frameworks, UV-obvious spectrophotometry has been regularly utilized for quantitative assurance of analytes(8). As indicated by the as of late research, The hexagonal mesoporous silica (HMS) is a material with high explicit surface zone and huge pore measurement. HMS mesoporous silica has been first introduced by Pinnavaia and coworkers(9) . present 0f high surface region and uniform pore size that make HMS reasonable for impetus supports(10) Moreover, Modifying the silica divider surface with natural gatherings to make their trademark and accomplish explicit goal(11). A reasonable visual sensor for the optical recognition of low centralizations of numerous overwhelming metal dependent on functionalization with 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol (PAR)(12). Its shading changes from yellow to red while complexed with metal particles, for example, Cu2+. Different applications for PAR and its likenesses have been incorporated. In this way an alternate overwhelming metal particles responsive optical sensor (HMS-TMAC-PAR) has been set up by joined surface functionalization of the first HMS with (TMAC[4]) and afterward by means of immobilization of PAR test. HMS-TMAC-PAR has some significant focal points as a strong state colorimetric sensor(13) .In the current paper, a basic, specific and delicate strategy is proposed for the vanadium assurance at extremely low fixations. 2. Exploratory 2.1.Reagents and materials Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) 98% (M = 208.33, d = 0.934 g/mL) were bought from Sigmaâ€Aldrich (Germany). dodecylamine (DDA) 98% (M = 185.36) was bought from Merck, Germany. TMAC (half methanol arrangement) was bought from ABCR, Germany. Standard was bought from Sigmaâ€Aldrich (Germany) .Ethanol and toluene was bought from Merck .All materials were of diagnostic reagent (AR) grade and utilized moving along without any more refinement. 2.2. Device and instruments The XRD tests were performed by an APD2000 diffractometer utilizing Cu K_ radiation over the scope of 1.54Aà ¢- ¦.FTIR spectra of the examples were recorded in mid IR (400-4000 cmâˆ'1) locale on a PERKIN EL MER65 spectrometer, utilizing KBr pellet procedure. UVâ€vis spectra were estimated on a HACH DR - 5000 spectrophotometer. So as to quantify the pH esteem a HACH SENSION1 computerized pH meter was utilized . 2.3.Synthesis of hexagonal mesoporous silica Blend of hexagonal mesoporous silica was accomplished by break up DDA (200 mg) in a blended dissolvable of water (0.28 L) and ethanol (0.19 L), after that the expansion of TEOS (0.0112 L). The pH estimation of the arrangement was acclimated to 9â€11 with HCl. The completing gel was mixed consistently at room temperature for 18 h, and The item was sifted, washed by bottomless refined water, air-dried in a broiler at 100ã ¢- ¦C.and then was practiced by calcinations at 640ã ¢- ¦C for 4 h in air to expel the natural layout. 2.4. Creation of HMS-TMAC-PAR Anhydrous toluene containing TMAC and HMS was refluxed for 18 h under a N2 climate. The response blend was washed altogether with ethanol and water to expel unreacted TMAC and afterward material was dried in a stove at 65 à ¢- ¦C for 12 h to get HMS-TMAC. The immobilization of PAR on HMS-TMAC was performed by the expansion of 0.6 g HMS-TMAC strong to PAR arrangement (93 Ãâ€"10âˆ'6 M, 180 mL) in blending for 3 h. it was washed with water to expel unreacted PAR. The material was dried in a vacuum stove at 65  °C overnight and afterward ground to fine powder. The engineered courses of HMS-TMAC-PAR were outlined in Scheme 1. Plan 1. HMS-TMAC-PAR 2.5.Detection methodology Cluster and section forms were utilized to consider the location of vanadium from fluid arrangements with HMS-TMAC-PAR. Convergence of stock arrangements of vanadium (V) (1000.00  µg ml-1.) Prepared by dissolving 2.2965g ammonium metavanadate (99.99% Merck) in 1000ml of 5% hydrochloric corrosive arrangement. The suspension arrangements of HMS-TMACPAR (0.5 g Lâˆ'1) were set up in fluid arrangement at various pH esteems, which were balanced with 0.2 M NaOH or 0.2 M HCl. Each time a 2 mL suspension arrangement of HMS-TMAC-PAR was filled in a 1 cm quartz cell and different stock arrangements of cations were included into the quartz cell step by step by utilizing a small scale syringe. Standard and clear arrangements were readied, in all the investigations similarly as those examples. The straight working extent for estimations was (y = 0.005x + 0.015, R2 = 0.990). The vanadium was evaluated subjectively utilizing unaided eye colorimetric appraisal and it was recognized quantitatively utilizing UVâ€vis reflectance spectrometry at 510 nm. 3.Results and conversation 3.1.Characteristics of HMS-TMAC-PAR The XRD examples of tests are shown in Fig. 1. The XRD estimations were utilized so as to consider the mesoporous structure of the backings. the examples have a solitary low-point diffraction top at around 2 ÃŽ ¸ =1.9ã ¢- ¦ for HMS and HMS-TMAC-PAR. in any case, the powers of the pinnacle of test HMS-TMAC-PAR decline, reminiscent of that the mesoporous structure of test HMS-TMAC-PAR. happen to less uniform ahead the foreword of the natural particles inspired by HMS(13). Figure 1. XRD examples of HMS and HMS-TMAC-PAR. FT-IR spectra of HMS-TMAC-PAR is appeared in Fig. 2. The HMS-TMAC-PAR test show the trademark Si-O-Si groups related by the state of a dense silica arrange that be available at 1091, 965, 799 and 459 cmâˆ'1. The discoveries uncovered that the mesoporous silica (HMS) has been united by means of TMAC natural molecules(13). Fig. 1. FT-IR spectra of (a) HMS, and (b) HMS-TMAC-PAR. 3.2.Calibration chart The impacts of different factors, for example, pH, response time, measure of material required, and the nearness of different convergence of vanadium were concentrated to improve the conditions for speedy visual recognition of vanadium. Fig..3represents the absorbance of HMS-TMAC-PAR at 510 nm against vanadium fixations and shows a direct relationship in the range from 40 to 500 ppb with a connection coefficient of 0.99 . The nonlinear idea of the bend at higher fixations is because of immersion impacts. Fig.3.Calibration bends of the absorbance of HMS-TMAC-PAR with various concentrationsâ of vanadium at pH 12.0 at 510 nm. The recognition furthest reaches of HMS-TMAC-PAR for vanadium was likewise tried. Fig. 3 re

How to Create Cool and Unique Character Names (And Ones to Avoid)

How to Create Cool and Unique Character Names (And Ones to Avoid) Throughout history, naming a child was an act that took on special significance. Whether it is a name that means something important, a name that carries on a family heritage, or a name that is as unique as the baby in their armsâ€"naming has always been an important ritual for parents.In fact, this article in Fatherly.com discusses naming rituals around the world, noting that name choice across cultures is far from arbitrary. For example, consider this Nigerian practice:The ethnic Yoruba, who make up about 21 percent of the population of Nigeria, name their babies based on the circumstances of their birth, of which there are many. Consider Aina â€" a girl born with the umbilical cord around her neck. Or Ajayi â€" a boy born with his head facing downwards. Places also matter, as is the case with Tokunbo â€" a boy or girl born overseas.Fatherly.comOr this practice in India:The influence of the horoscope on Indian culture is tremendous. Here, a child often receives the name of the cons tellation they were born under. In the Northern part of India they will take a name that begins with the first letter of the constellation. In Southern regions a child will take the name of the entire constellation.Fatherly.comIn other countries such as Bali and Ireland, birth order of the child determines his or her given name. Specifically in Ireland, children are named after family members and based on their birth order.The first born boy, for instance, will receive the name of their grandfather on their fathers side. The next brother will get the name of their mothers father. The third brother will get the fathers name, and the fourth will get their eldest uncles name. Its the same order with daughters, but starting with the grandmother on their mothers side.Fatherly.comNow, you might be askingâ€"what do parents naming practices have to do with me naming my characters. Well…a lot, actually. If youre an author, your characters are your babies. Theyre your darlings, your creatio nâ€"and often one that has been born through agony, sweat and tears.But is a name really so important? William Shakespeare wrote:Whats in a name? that which we call a roseBy any other name would smell as sweet.William Shakespeare, Romeo and JulietRomeo asks, Whats in a name? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet. Photo by Ricky Kharawala on UnsplashIs it true that the names you choose for characters are arbitrary and inconsequential, as Romeo mused?History begs to differ. In fact, theres even a branch of study called onomastics, which is a field that is equal parts linguistics, history, anthropology, psychology, sociology, and philology. One glance at this website reveals the extent to which linguists and historians have studied names, including their meaning, origin, and popularity among groups of people.One article on the site discusses the effect a name can have on a persons behavior. The author, H. Edward Deluzain, writes:The process that gives names t heir influence is the so-called self-fulfilling prophecy. Briefly explained, the self-fulfilling prophecy works this way. A man introduces himself to us as Percy. Immediately, our unconscious mind goes to work dredging up all the images and associations we have with that name. Without realizing it, we develop a mental pictureâ€"a set of expectationsâ€"of what a Percy is like. This mental picture causes changes in our own behavior that are so subtle that we are not aware of them. However, Percy picks up on the messages we are sending by our actions, and he makes unconscious changes in his own way of acting to satisfy what he thinks we expect of him. In other words, we set up a situation which forces Percy to behave the way we think Percys are supposed to behave.From Behindthename.comEven in the literary sense, can you envision the characters of Holden Caulfield, Scout Finch, or even Harry Potter by any other name? If you assume that their chosen character names played a large role in making them memorable characters, its definitely a safe assumption to make.So, now that you understand the enormous significance humans have placed on naming someone, you should recognize the importance of taking your time in determining the names of characters in your story or novel. Youd be surprised at the difference a name can make, so before you decide a name for your character, consider these important steps to take.1. Dont decide at the planning stages of your novelThinking of a character name as you outline your book? Not so fast! The best names likely wont come to you until you have fleshed out the character more and written extensively on him or her. In the same sense that many cultures wait until the circumstances surrounding a babys birthâ€"or even longer, as the baby develops a personalityâ€"you should wait to see what kind of personality your character takes on before you decide on a name for him or her.Thats not to say its impossible to know your characters name righ t from the beginning. However, considering the care that should go in to naming your characters (your babies), deciding on a name right from the beginning could stifle your naming creativity and leave you with a character who is poorly named (and therefore, not memorable).The best way to avoid this is to begin your planning and writing with an initial. As you write more about J. or L., the best name will likely come to you as the story progresses. You could even use a keyword such as protagonist or antagonist as you write, then run a simple Find + Replace function to replace that word with the characters name once youve had some time to find the perfect one.2. Consider the root meaning of the names you chooseAnyone who has ever taken a literature class understands the extent to which readers can dive into symbolism and metaphor as they read a good book or story. In fact, this is what English majors and literature professors do best. In doing so, they love to seek out the root meanin g of names to find even more Easter eggs that the author has left for his or her readers throughout the story.Take, for instance, the heroine of the Hunger Games trilogyâ€"Katniss Everdeen. Do you think Suzanne Collins randomly chose that name? Think again. All it takes is a look at this page to understand how deeply Collins researched to find the perfect name for her memorable heroine. Not only is Katniss (Sagittaria sagittifolia) a plant that is also known as arrowhead, most plants in the species have arrow-shaped leaves. Beyond that, the Latin name of the genus calls to mind Sagittarius, the archer in astrology.Still think Collins arbitrarily chose that name?There are many online resources that allow you to find the perfect name for your character. I dont know how Collins arrived at the information on the Katniss plant, but Id like to think she simply Googled arrows or arrowhead and eventually came upon the name Katniss. Whether this is how she did it or not, its a good method fo r you to use to find a cool, unique, and fitting name for your character.Here are a few other great sites that show name meanings:Nameberry.comNames.orgBabyCenter.comAnother great option is to find a Wikipedia page about a certain topic based on your characters history or abilities, and search throughout it for links and other complementary sources that could lead you to the perfect, unique character name.Considering the root meaning of a name is an important step in naming your characters. Photo by Clint McKoy on Unsplash3. Use anachronistic names carefullyLiterarydevices.com offers the following definition of an anachronism in literature:An anachronism is something or someone that is not in the correct chronological time period. Anachronism examples can be intentional or unintentional, and involves the incorrect temporal placement of any person, event, object, custom, slang word, animal, or belief system which was not present at that time. The most common type of anachronism is to find something placed in an earlier time than it existed, such as having characters in the 18th century driving around in a car. However, it is also possible to find anachronisms in which the thing is placed later in time after it no longer existed, such as finding dinosaurs coexisting with humans in The Flintstones.From literarydevices.orgSome great examples of anachronisms in literature are William Shakespeares mention of a mechanical clock in Julius Caesar and fireworks in Mark Twains novel A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court. Obviously, great authors have used anachronisms in their work. However, I advise against naming characters with names that are anachronistic to the storys setting and time period.While this is certainly not an unbreakable rule, you should at least be careful with choosing names that dont fit well with the setting and time period of your story. For example, a novel set in the 19th century with a character named Courtney doesnt really work and will de stroy your readers suspension of disbelief. Likewise, if your story is about a wealthy, aristocratic family and their children, naming one of the children something highly unusual certainly wouldnt fit logically. It just isnt something that aristocrats have tended to do.One thing I like about this name generator provided by Point Park University is the ability to narrow generated names down by time period. The drop-down menus allow you to choose between ancient, old-fashioned, modern and futuristic, ensuring that the names that are generated are not anachronistic.You can also run a search online for popular names during a certain time period, such as Elizabethan England names. Such a search will offer results of websites or name generators specifically focused on the setting and time period of your story. The search I performed for the above search string returned multiple websites that were specific to the criteria I needed.4. Make sure it sounds good when spoken aloudEven though a novel is generally read, there are several marketing options that would require the book to be spoken aloud. Audiobooks are a big selling point and your book made into a movie is a pretty attractive prospect, especially in terms of the money you could make from it.Beyond audiobooks and movie rights, there are always author readings and discussions that will inevitably take place in the process of marketing your book. You will also (hopefully) have a lot of readers discussing your book and its characters in reading circles, or in recommendations to their friends and family, so keep in mind that the character names you choose will be said aloud in certain circumstances and should have a nice ring to it (and not be misheard as something else, unless its intentional).Consider how the character name sounds when spoken aloud.5. Consider character names in the context of other charactersUnless youre writing a short story with one character, your character does not exist in a vacuum. Rathe r, he or she plays off of other characters within the story, and is (in some way) affected by details surrounding those other charactersâ€"including their names.With this in mind, remember that in naming your main characters, there should be a good mix of sounds, initials and number of syllables. In other words, avoid repetitive practices in assigning names to your characters. Giving every character in your book a name that begins with G will get confusing for your readers, just as giving every character a two-syllable name will sound repetitious. Variety is indeed the spice of life, and nowhere is this truer than in assigning character names.The more variety in syllable count and initials you can offer, the easier it will be for your characters to be distinguished from others in the story. This is especially true if you give the important characters unique names, while leaving standard popular names for your secondary characters. The uniqueness will offer an entirely new level of d istinction.6. Use alliterative initialsTheres a reason why characters like Bilbo Baggins and Severus Snape stand out. In fact, J.K. Rowling enjoyed alliteration so much that she used the technique for many names in her books, including the founders of Hogwarts: Godric Gryffindor, Helga Hufflepuff, Rowena Ravenclaw, and Salazar Slytherin.Alliteration puts a unique spin on a characters name, making it more memorable. While some writers (J.K. Rowling, especially) use alliterative first names and surnames often, you can also use the technique to differentiate your protagonist from all the other characters.7. Use name generatorsIf your search for a meaningful name comes up empty, another option is to use a name generator. These are websites and programs that generate various and random names based on criteria you include. For example, The Fantasy Name Generator is a great site for names that would work well in the fantasy genre. This site also has options to generate real names and names of places based on country of origin and gender.A website mentioned earlier that provides the root meanings behind names (Behindthename.com) also offers an option to discover translations and/or alternate versions of certain names across languages. This type of search gives writers the opportunity to find an alternate version of a well-known name that might be more unique. For example, when I ran a search for my first name (Tonya), the following list was generated:AKONI m HawaiianANAKONI m HawaiianANCJO m EsperantoANDON m Bulgarian, MacedonianANDONI m BasqueANTAL m HungarianANTANAS m LithuanianANTE (1) m CroatianANTEA f Croatian (Modern)ANTHONY m EnglishANTÍA f GalicianANTICA f CroatianANTO m Croatian, SerbianANTOINE m French, African AmericanANTOINETTE f FrenchANTÃ"N m GalicianANTON m German, Russian, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, Icelandic, Dutch, Bulgarian, Ukrainian, Slovene, Macedonian, Croatian, Romanian, Estonian, Finnish, EnglishANTONELA f CroatianANTONELLA f ItalianANTONELL O m ItalianANTONETTE f EnglishAnother useful name generator Ive found is Masterpiece Generator, which allows you to fill in specific information and have a name generated based on those details. The specifications and details included along with drop-down menus are:How many examples would you like to generate? (10-100)Which gender would you like?Whats your characters title?What type of character is he/she?Birth year?How would you describe his/her nationality?How would you describe his/her parents nationalities?Which best describes your characters religious background?Alliterative names only? (yes/no)Given Name or Begins with and/or Ends inFamily Name, Popularity, Begins with and/or Ends inYoure also given the option to fill in all of the above with random responses to create a unique, computer-generated name that might be the perfect one. When you generate names on these programs and websites, be sure to generate several to find multiple options youll want to narrow down later.8. Co nsider a name that creates a meaningful anagramFor those lit majors and English professors I mentioned earlier, an anagram is such a fun detail to discover about a characterâ€"especially if that anagram reveals some hidden detail or symbolic reference to the character. Teachers love anagrams in character names because it allows them to offer their students an ah-ha moment when studying the work and while discussing aspects of a character. And have no doubt, English literature students at the university will discuss a characters aspects for hours at a time, seeking meaning in the smallest of details, whether the author intended meaning to be there or not.For example, lets say I wanted to create a character who was a loner but also a stellar physician. In playing with the words lone healer, I came up with the name Lorae Henel. Not only is this a unique nameâ€"its also an anagram of a descriptive phrase representing my character. In simply creating an anagram, Ive achieved two goals in naming the character: 1) Ive created a unique, memorable name; and 2) Ive given my character a name that has hidden meaning (one that is a great Easter egg for a reader to discover).9. Get feedbackOnce youve narrowed down name choices to a list of a few possible names per character, enlist the feedback of a voracious reader that you know and whose opinion you trust. It would be even better to find a reader with a lot of experience reading the genre in which youre writing. Without giving details of your character (such as he is the protagonist, hes a warrior, etc.), write down the name(s) youre deciding between and ask the reader the following questions:How would you pronounce this?When you read this characters name, what kind of person do you envision? Include physical details as well as details about what they might do for a living.Do you think this character is good or bad? Why?Does it remind you of another character name or real-life persons name?After receiving feedback from a reader (or readers), re-evaluate the name in consideration of the readers responses. Just because a reader guesses wrong (for example, thinks a name is for the protagonist vs. an antagonist) doesnt mean you have to change it. It will just be valuable feedback for you to consider when trying to decide between two or more different names for a character. Ultimately, youre the parent and your child can be named anything you choose.A final thought on naming charactersNaming the characters of your story is one of the most exciting steps youll take as an author in the writing process. Although it might be tempting to determine a characters name immediately in the pre-planning stages of writing your novel, try to resist the urge and give yourself time to learn more about the character as you write. Rather than randomly choosing a name that you think fits, spend time researching meanings, anagrams, alliterations and name generators before making a final decision. Theres so much in a name!

Data Mining And Business Analytics - 1352 Words

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To extract the right data from all these present volumes of data, usually certain traditional way of data analysis like regression analysis, cluster analysis, numerical taxonomy, multi-dimensional analysis, time series analysis , estimation outcome analysis and many more are used. Both data mining and data analysis are a subset of Business Intelligence which also includes data management systems, data warehouses and Online analytic processing(OLAP). To manage the mountains of information, the data is put away in a warehouse of information accumulated from different sources, including corporate databases, compressed data from interior frameworks, and information from outerShow MoreRelatedBusiness Intelligence, Business, And Data Mining1544 Words   |  7 Pages1. 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Affirmative Action Are Effective Models For Younger...

There are also counterarguments for the position that affirmative action provides young people, and really minority, with a great role model. One scholar argues: Moreover, I doubt very much that individuals who reach top positions through affirmative action are effective models for younger members of their race or sex. What, after all, do they model? A black vice president who got her job through affirmative action is not necessarily a model of how to rise through the corporate meritocracy. She may be a model of how affirmative action can work for the people who find or put themselves in the right place at the right time (Thomas, Jr, 1990). This is also a valid viewpoint. Not everyone who is a placed into the workforce because of†¦show more content†¦A positive role model for how to â€Å"rise through corporate meritocracy† is when they see someone they can relate to work the hard to reach their desired position. This role model had to beat out everyone, no matter the circumstances or backgrounds of the other employees. This person can teach those younger than him or her that hard work will take his or her mentees to the positions they would like to reach in Corporate America; being held back because of things someone cannot control such as race and gender is an excuse. Because of these and other reasons, changes in affirmative action are in order. White people’s views are not all their fault. There are a number of companies that hired minority workers just because the businesses needed to be more diverse. These workers were not hired because they were qualified. Seeing this happen numerous of ti mes, it makes sense why Whites feel that minorities do not deserve to be beneficiaries of affirmative action. Minority workers do not work hard for the positions they have while Whites do. It is not fair in their eyes. That is why many Whites have expressed anger or disapproval of affirmative action programs in the workplace. â€Å"More than 40% of the total sample of non-Southern whites, or nearly one in every two, expresses anger toward affirmative action†¦Some 98% of Southerners-nearly all-are resentful toward affirmative action† (Knight, et al., 1997). With numbers like these,

Drug Related Problems Free Essays

Drug related problem Drug related problems (DRPs) are prevalent and causing considerable patient morbidity and mortality. Many of these DRPs are preventable through following the guidelines and rational drug used. There are many factors controlling the DRP occurrence such as patient age, disease status, drug characteristics, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Drug Related Problems or any similar topic only for you Order Now High risk factors 1. Elderly (gt; 65 years); due to age related changes in pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetics 2. Acute diseases such as acute renal failure, sepsis, etc†¦ 3. Patients with many chronic diseases; diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, liver problem, AIDS, etc†¦ 4. Patients with renal impairment or haemodialysis 5. Patients in special situations; pregnancy, lactation, 6. Certain diseases and their medications: cancer, diabetes, heart failure. 7. Polypharmacy (taken many drugs gt; 5 drugs) 8. Drug; certain drug classes are commonly involved e. g. Warfarin, insulin, digoxin, TCAs, etc†¦ Classification of drug-related problems 1. Inappropriate drug choice: Unjustified deviation from management guidelines consensus therapeutic can worsen the condition. Deviations that are based on the patient’s individual treatment goal and risk factors are not considered to be DRPs (e. g. Antibiotic used for viral infection. Furosemide prescribed for patient with hypokalemia). 2. Lack of necessary drug: Either one or more drugs are missing according to established guidelines or a medical problem is being treated with too little of the appropriate drug (under-prescribed) or appropriate drugs may be not used for maximum effectiveness. Moreover, duration of treatment may be too short which can lead to incomplete treatment. Deviations from guidelines that are based on the patient’s individual treatment goals and risk factors are not considered to be DRPs (e. g. B-blockers in heart failure or post-MI, stop diuretic before edema treated or loop diuretic used only for resistant edema). 3. Unnecessary drug and Duplication: A drug is unnecessary if the indication is no longer present, with continuation/prolonged use or double prescription of two or more drugs from the same therapeutic group or gives the same result. This intensifies their therapeutic effect and side effects. Duplication also can occur when more than one physician prescribes medications to a single patient or when a patient takes over-the-counter drugs with the same active ingredient (e. g. Long-term antibiotic prescribed for simple infection. Used of Ibuprofen and diclofenac concomitantly. 4. Incomplete medication history taking: Inappropriate integration of patient’s medical history can lead to many interactions due to lack of patient’s information such as hypersensitivity â€Å"medication allergy†, other diseases, OTC or herbal and medication used (e. g. Patient has allergy to penicillin). 5. Inappropriate dose or regimen: Dosing too high (overdose) or too low dose. Suboptimal dosing (including dosing time and formulation) according to established national/international guidelines, including frequency of dosing or duration of therapy. Deviations that are based on the patient’s individual treatment goal and risk factors are not considered to be DRPs (e. g. too high ACE inhibitor dose prescribed in relation to kidney function. Too low paracetamol dose use in relation to symptom-giving arthritis). . Adverse drug reaction (ADR): Any noxious, unintended, and undesired effect of a drug, which occurs at doses in humans for prophylaxis, diagnosis, or therapy (e. g. orthostatic hypotension happens with blood pressure lowering drug or intolerance dry cough due to ACE inhibitor). 7. Interaction: Drug–drug interaction, drug-food interaction, drug-disease interaction, drug-herbal, etc†¦ An interaction is occurring when the effe ct of a drug is changed by the presence of another drug, food, drink, herbal or some environmental chemical agent. Drug combinations with intended overall effect are not considered to be DRP (e. g. Drug–drug interaction; Furosemide and digitalis (increased effect/toxicity of digitalis with hypokalemia). Drug-food interaction; Amiodarone and Grapefruit, Grapefruit and Simvastatin (increase drug serum concentrations), or Tetracycline and calcium. Drug-disease interaction; used NSAIDs in chronic renal impairment). 8. Discontinuation of needed medication: Some times discontinuation of medication without reasonable medical indication can lead to therapeutic failure or a problem in treatment plan. In addition, stop some medications before controlling the disease or have good monitoring method can lead to failure in treatment plan (e. g. discontinue antibiotic before finishing its therapeutic course or stop Heparin injection before or just on start of Warfarin). 9. Contraindication: the used of some drugs are prohibited for some patients because to harmful risks of using these drugs are exceeding the benefits of their effect (e. g. ACE inhibitor uses in treating high blood pressure in a pregnant lady or using sulfa-drug in G6PD deficiency patients). 10. Abrupt stoppage medication: for certain medications, abrupt stopping can exacerbate the problem or lead to complications related to drug. The stopping process should be gradually (e. g. abruptly stopping B-blocker in MI patients or stopping Corticosteroid suddenly). 11. Untreated medical conditions: can lead to worsening of the disease or may lead to more serious problems (e. g. untreated dyslipidemia in patients with other risk factors). 12. Lack of necessary monitoring: Monitoring with respect to effects and toxicity of drugs is not done or does not adhere to guidelines (e. . INR for Warfarin. Thyroid function tests in patients taking levothyroxine 13. Others: In general, DRPs that do not belong to aforementioned categories. References 1. Bemt P and Egberts A (2007) Drug-related problems: definitions and classification. Journal of European Association of hospital Pharmacists (EAHP), 13, pp 62-64. 1. Lee S, Schwemm A, Reist J, Cantrell M, Andreski M, Doucette W, Chrischilles E and F arris K (2009) Pharmacists’ and pharmacy students’ ability to identify drug-related problems using TIMER (tool to improve medications in the elderly via review). American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 73, 3, pp 52-62 2. PCNE Classification for drug related problems (2006) Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe Foundation. Available from World Wide Web: http://www. pcne. org/dokumenter/DRP/PCNE %20classification%20V5. 01. pdf 2. Ruscin M (2009) Drug-Related Problems in the Elderly. Merck, Available from World Wide Web: http://www. merck. com/mmpe/sec23/ch341/ch341e. html 3. Ruths S, Viktil KK, Blix HS. Classification of drug-related problems. Tidsskr Nor Leageforen 2007; 127: 3073–6 Prescription Auditing Sheet Patients Name Age: years Drug related problem: |Inappropriate drug choice |Lack of necessary drug | |Unnecessary drug and Duplication |Incomplete medication history taking | |5. Inappropriate dose or regimen |6. Adverse drug reaction | |7. Interaction |8. Discontinuation of needed medication | |9. Contraindication |10. Abrupt stoppage medication | |11. Untreated medical condition |12. Lack of necessary monitoring | |13. Others | | Specification of the problem (and intervention if any): )†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ( )†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ( )†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ( )†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ( )†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Patient Resume Age: Sex: Drug Allergies: Medical History – – – – – – – Medication History – – – – – Laboratory Data base How to cite Drug Related Problems, Papers

The War Of 1812 Was Fought Between The United States And Great Britain

The War of 1812 was fought between the United States and Great Britain from June 1812 to the spring of 1815, although the peace treaty ending the war was signed in Europe in December 1814. The main land fighting of the war occurred along the Canadian border, in the Chesapeake Bay region, and along the Gulf of Mexico; there was also fighting that took place at sea. There were many reasons for the Americans to go to war with the British. From the end of the American Revolution in 1783, the United States had been irritated by the failure of the British to withdraw from American territory along the Great Lakes, their backing of the Indians on America's frontiers, and their unwillingness to sign commercial agreements favorable to the United States. American resentment grew during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars, in which Britain and France were the two main countries. In time, France came to dominate much of Europe, while Britain remained the supreme naval force on the seas. The two countries also fought each other commercially: Britain attempted to blockade the continent of Europe, and France tried to prevent the sale of British goods in French possessions. French and British maritime policies produced several crises with the United States, but after 1803 the difficulties became much more serious. The British Orders in Council of 1807 declared that anyone who trades with the French would have their ships seized, and France's Berlin and Milan decrees of 1806 and 1807 declared that anyone who trades with the British would have their ships seized by the French. The United States believed its rights on the seas as a neutral country were being violated by both France and England, but British maritime policies were resented more because Britain dominated the seas. Also, the British claimed the right to take from American merchant ships any British sailors who were serving on them. Frequently, they also took Americans. This practice of became a major grievance of the Americans. The United States at first attempted to change the policies of the European powers by economic means. In 1807, after the British H.M.S. Leopard fired on the American ship called the Chesapeake, President Thomas Jefferson Congress to pass an Embargo Act, banning all American ships from foreign trade. The Embargo Act failed to change British and French policies, but devastated New England shipping. Failing in peaceful efforts and facing an economic depression, some Americans began to argue for a declaration of war to redeem the national honor. The Congress that was elected in 1810 and met in November 1811 included a group known as the War Hawks who demanded war against Great Britain. These men were mostly from the West and South. Among their leaders were John C. Calhoun of South Carolina, Henry Clay of Kentucky, and Felix Grundy of Tennessee. They argued that American honor could be saved and British policies changed by an invasion of Canada. The Federalist Party, representing New England shippers who foresaw the ruination of their trade, opposed war. Napoleon's announcement in 1810 of the revocation of his decrees was followed by British refusals to repeal their orders, and pressures for war increased. On June 18, 1812, President James Madison signed a declaration of war that Congress, with substantial opposition, had passed at his request. Unknown to Americans, Britain had finally, two days earlier, announced that it would revoke its order. U.S. forces were not ready for war, and American hopes of conquering Canada collapsed in the campaigns of 1812 and 1813. The initial plan called for a three-pronged attack: from Lake Champlain to Montreal, across the Niagara frontier, and into Upper Canada from Detroit. The attacks were uncoordinated and all failed. In the West, General William Hull surrendered Detroit to the British in August 1812. On the Niagara front, American troops lost the Battle of Queenston Heights in October. Along Lake Champlain the American forces withdrew in late November without seriously engaging the enemy. American ships won a series of single-ship engagements with British ships, and American privateers continually bothered British shipping. The captains and crew of the ships Constitution and United States became renowned throughout America. Meanwhile, the British gradually tightened a blockade around America's coasts, ruining American trade, threatening American finances, and exposing the entire

The Best Way To Practice SAT Reading

The Best Way To Practice SAT Reading SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Let’s get down to business, to defeat...the SAT Reading. How can you practice for the SAT Reading? Where can you find SAT Reading practice questions? Is it even possible to practice for the Reading section? Read on for the answers to these questions. feature image credit: Mulan by mickey, used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original. A Brief Breakdown of SAT Reading To start off, I’ll do a quick runthrough of the structure of SAT Reading. Feel free to skip over it to the Important Tips (â„ ¢) (not actually trademarked, unless I can trademark things just by typing the symbol, in which case I just trademarked that). The SAT Reading section consists of one 65 minute section with 52 passage-based (read the passage or paired passages, answer questions about it/them) multiple choice questions (each with four answer choices). In total, there are four long reading passages and one set of shorter paired passages. Read more about how the SAT is structured here, or find out more about the format of SAT Reading with our article about what’s actually on SAT Reading. Now that you have a better idea of what exactly is on SAT Reading, it's time to jump into tips for how to practice the SAT Reading section in the best way. SAT Reading Practice Tip 1: Use Official SAT Tests When you are practicing for the SAT, you must use actual SAT questions. Why? Because only official SAT questions will test you the same way the test does. Part of what is so tricky about the SAT is that it takes concepts everyone knows (since it's standardized, it has to stick to standard knowledge) and then asks about them in weird ways. Therefore, the best way to ensure you get used to the weird ways of questioning is to do actual SAT questions. As PrepScholar co-founder Allen Cheng has said, â€Å"If you train yourself on questions that don't reflect what's on the SAT, you're going to learn the wrong patterns.† So where do you find official tests? Well, for starters, we've compiled a complete list of all available free complete SAT tests. You can also buy our very own PrepScholar test prep platform, which integrates offical SAT practice tests as part of your personal study program. SAT Reading Practice Tip 2: Practice Under Realistic Conditions When you take the SAT, you’re going to have limited time, materials, and space to spread out (do not underestimate the effect of having to take a test on a tiny desk). You'll be taking the Reading section first, which means that you'll need to be smart about knowing how much effort you can put into the Reading section and conserve enough energy for the rest of the test. Bottom line: I recommend not only drilling reading questions and going through entire reading sections in isolation, but also taking least one full-length timed practice test so you can get used to making it through the whole test . Additionally, make sure to take at least one practice test at the same time of day you would be taking the actual SAT, so that you'll have a good idea of how tired you might be. If you're not a morning person, an 8 am test might mean you don't pay as much attention when reading a passage, especially as compared to studying and practicing Reading questions and passages in the afternoon after school/after work. SAT Reading Practice Tip 3: Review Your Mistakes Effectively The most important part of studying that many students skip over is effectively reviewing mistakes. Learning from your mistakes isn’t just a saying- it’s the single most useful tool for improving your test score. Yes, it’s tempting to just look at a question and go â€Å"oh, I made a stupid mistake† and just move on (I mean, what person wants to dwell on what she got wrong?). KLAXON! KLAXON! Failing to review your mistakes is the biggest mistake of all. To see real improvement in your score, you really need to get down into the nitty gritty of WHY you made the mistake. For instance, what kinds of questions do you struggle with? Do you tend to have problems with data graphic questions? Maybe you struggle when answering inference questions on passages (Line 42 primarily suggests that†¦), or finding the main point of a paragraph. Identifying the types of questions you struggle with most is necessary for creating the most helpful study plan- there's no point in wasting precious prep time practicing questions you already know how to answer. If your problems are with analyzing data graphics questions, you're in luck - we have an article on how best to tackle these questions on this very blog! Have problems with getting through the passage with enough time left to answer all the questions? Brush up your passage reading skills with our article on how best to read the passage on SAT Reading and learn how to stop running out of time. What about the kinds of mistakes you tend to make? Why did you make them? Don't just stop at surface explanations. Surface reason: Oh, I just ran out of time for this question because it was at the end of the section. I totally could have gotten it since it was asking about a detail that was really easy to find. This response is not helpful, because it doesn't make you learn from what you did wrong (and if you don't learn from your error, there's nothing to stop you from continuing to mess up). Nitty gritty: I ran out of time because I spent a solid minute reading and re-reading this one sentence that really confused me on my first skimming of the passage. How can I avoid this in the future? Make sure that I really only skim on my first read-through or read the questions first and do all the detail ones that don’t rely on having to read the whole passage. Here's another example of possible reactions to getting a question wrong: Surface reason: There were two answers that seemed like they were sort of right, and I went with the wrong one. Oh well. A good start, but WHY did you go with the wrong one? Go deeeeeeper. Nitty gritty: I didn’t read the question carefully enough to get what it was really asking. Because of this, when I went back to the passage I wasn’t able to eliminate three wrong answers. Next time, I will really focus on exactly what the question is asking and make sure I only answer the question based on the information in the passage, not based on my outside knowledge. For even more detailed advice and suggestions on how to make sure you review mistakes in a way that improves your score, read my article on that very topic. Action Plan #1: Get official tests to practice from. Learn the way the SAT asks you about concepts to avoid tripping up on questions you can answer. #2: Practice under realistic conditions. Don't neglect to do timed Reading sections as well as full-length practice tests, so you can get used to conserving your energy while still performing at a high level on Reading questions. #3: Mark questions you are unsure of when you are taking the test. This way, you’re not just reviewing questions you got wrong- you’re also reviewing questions you were shaky on. #4: Review your mistakes so you can pinpoint your higher level weaknesses and drill them. If there's a particular type of question you tend to mess up on, focus your studying on that skill type. #5: Do it all over again: never give up [your test prep], never surrender. 'Persistence" in the dictionary by uberof202 ff, used under CC BY-SA 2.0/Cropped from original. As you study, your weak areas may shift, so don’t hesitate to adapt your studying plan to fit your current skill level. For instance, if you had planned to spend a week studying each type of question, but find that after a couple of days you’ve already got the hang of answering questions that ask you to search for details in the passage, don’t waste your time spending five extra days on it- reallocate that time to an area that needs your attention more. For more guidance and suggestions that might work for you, try reading our article on how to improve your SAT Reading score and how to get a perfect on SAT Reading. What’s Next Want more tips on how to study for the SAT? Read our guide to improving your SAT score by 160+ points! Looking to target specific SAT Reading skills? Our ultimate guide to SAT Reading has a comprehensive list of articles targeting each specific Reading skill. What's actually tested on SAT Reading? Find out here! Interested in adding some tutoring to your test prep? PrepScholar Tutors might be right for you. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Reading lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

How to Organize Your Classroom Files

How to Organize Your Classroom Files Its a challenge to think of a profession that involves more paper than teaching. Whether its lesson plans, handouts, flyers from the office, schedules or an infinity of other types of papers, teachers juggle, shuffle, search for, file and pass out enough papers on a daily basis to get any environmentalist up in arms. Invest in a File Cabinet So, how can teachers win the daily battles in this never-ending paper war? Theres only way to win, and thats through down and dirty organization. One of the most important ways to get organized is through a properly categorized and maintained file cabinet. Usually, a file cabinet will come with your classroom. If not, ask the custodian if he or she can find one for you through the district office. The bigger, the better because you will need it. Label the  File Drawers Depending on how many files you have, you can decide the best way to label the file drawers. However, there are two major categories to consider and almost everything fits into them: Curriculum and Management. Curriculum means handouts and information that you use to teach Math, Language Arts, Science, Social Studies, Holidays and any other subjects you cover with your students. Management can broadly be defined as things you use to manage your classroom and teaching career. For example, your management files might include discipline, professional development, school-wide programs, classroom jobs, etc. Discard What You Can Now comes the ugly part. Hopefully, youve already been using some type of file folder system, even if they are just stacked in a corner some place. But, if not, youre going to have to sit down with all of the papers you use during teaching and go through them one by one. First of all, look for things that you can throw away. The more you can pare down to the papers you really use, the further you go towards the ultimate goal of true organization. For those papers you need to keep, start organizing them into piles or, better yet, make file folders on the spot, label them, and just put the papers right into their new homes. Be Specific With the Categories You Use For example, if you are organizing your  science materials, dont just make one big Science folder. Take it one step further and make one file for oceans, space, plants, etc. That way, when it comes time to teach your ocean unit, for example, you can just grab that file and have everything you need to photocopy.  Next, use hanging files to place your file folders in a logical sequence.   Maintain Organization Then, take a deep breath - youre essentially organized! The trick, though, is to maintain this level of organization over the long term. Dont forget to file new materials, handouts, and papers as as soon as they come across your desk. Try not to let them linger in a bottomless pile out of sight. This is easy to say and harder to do. But, dig right in and get to work. Being organized feels so good!

Recession & tourism industry in London during 2007-2010 Dissertation

Recession & tourism industry in London during 2007-2010 - Dissertation Example The tourism industry in London serves as the epitome of how the recession greatly ravaged several industries, given that it is considered as specialising in the provision of services that are secondary to human needs. However, the gravity of the matter herein is that this development does not auger well for the entire economy, since tourism provides important socio-cultural, economic and political values to any given economy. It is for this reason that studying the impact of the 2007-2010 global financial recession on tourism becomes needful. Introduction That financial vibrancy of an economy affects different industries therein is a matter that is beyond gainsay. This is so since austere economic constraints compel people to seek more economically viable alternatives. This is particularly the case when the industries involved are seen to be peripheral to human needs. Specifically, recreational and tourism industry are very vulnerable to financial meltdown that may take place at eith er the national or global level. This is because tourism is considered marginal to values that are sacrosanct to the sustenance of human life. Man eventually prioritises his needs during the times of financial recession as a way of eradicating unnecessary expenditure, so that he can eventually keep afloat. This is to say that the global financial recession of 2007-2010 affected the tourism industry in sundry ways that can be seen in the discussion that ensues forthwith. Part 1: Purpose of the Research The research topic of this research is determining the different ways in which the global financial recession of 2007-2010 affected the tourism industry. This is not to mean that the essence of the research is mainly limited to the chronological time frame of 2007-2010. On the contrary, by looking at the effects of the 2007-2010 global financial recession, one can determine the manner in which the variable which is economic recession can affect tourism and recreational industry. The im port of this above is that the main objective of this study is to determine the manner in which the global financial recession of 2007-2010 affected the tourism industry, so as to bring about a myriad of corrective measures and policies that can keep tourism afloat, even in the face of serious financial challenges. In turn, the need to keep tourism vibrant perennially is underscored by the socio-cultural, economic and political values that it (tourism) endows a nation with. No sooner than an economy downplay the importance of tourism than for its foreign policy begin to lose effectiveness and efficiency. The setting of this research undertaking comes against the backdrop of 2 years that succeed the 2007-2010 global financial recession. The 2 years which succeed 2007-2010 the global financial recession are significant in this research, given that it allows for adequate observations and rumination over the dynamics that the 2007-2010 global financial recession may have acted upon the tourism industry. This ensures that information that shall have been gathered on this matter will be as comprehensive as is needed in scholarly discourse. The need for a comprehensive discourse is underscored by the dictates of objectivity in academics. It is only by being objective that one will be able to see the relevance of 2007-2010 global

Not given ( no title ) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Not given ( no title ) - Research Paper Example For there to be any private nuisance claim made, the plaintiff must provide the court with substantial proof of interference. It is then within the court’s jurisdiction to judge the reasonableness of the defendant’s behavior and try to establish fault from evaluating it. This establishes a balance between the two sides since the court evaluates the evidence before making a ruling. The court rules in favor of the plaintiff if it can establish that the plaintiff suffered because of the interference and will continue to do so unless compensated by the defendant (Dodson 2002, pg. 60). On the other hand, the statute defines public nuisance as any criminal activity which threatens the community as a whole. It is a criminal offence therefore; it attracts criminal cases tried by the criminal courts. The plaintiff in these cases is the state which represents the entire community and not a person or a group. On rare occasions do individuals benefit from a criminal case directly, for example, a person qualifies for a personal injury claim warranting compensation if the criminal activity in trial directly affected them. A good illustration of a public nuisance includes companies held liable for dumping hazardous waste materials into water catchment areas (Scott 2001, pg.68). However, some cases attract both private and public nuisance claims. The illustration mentioned above serves as a good example. The company could be held liable by the state for the polluting of a water catchment area which benefits the entire community. It can also be held liable by owners of the land adjacent to the water catchment area. They could claim that the companys negligent actions had adverse effects on the enjoyment of their comfortable homes (Scott 2001, pg. 77). Legislation describes the phrase interest in land’ in a way that attempts to include land solely owned by an individual in a legal manner. Meaning, the

Analyse Additional Elements of the Extended Marketing Mix

Analyse Additional Elements of the Extended Marketing Mix This essay looks at the main elements of both the original and the extended marketing mix. This includes an introduction to the concept of the product life cycle, new product development, pricing strategies, distribution options and the promotion mix. Finally, the essay develops marketing mixes for Coca Cola to meet the needs of different target groups. Explain how products are developed to sustain competitive advantage. Sustainable competitive advantage is the focal point of a corporate strategy (E-Course, 2013). It allows the preservation and improvement of an organisational competitive position in the market. It is an advantage that allows business to stay alive against its competition. A competitive advantage is an advantage over competitors gained by offering consumers greater value, either by means of lower prices or by providing greater benefits and service that justifies higher prices (Teacher Republic, 2013). See Coca Cola Companys competitors and positioning in (Appendix1) See Porters competitive advantage and cost advantage in (Appendix 2). When a company brings a new product into a market they must think about who is the product aimed at, what advantage will customers expect, how does the company plan to position the product inside the market and what benefit will the product proffer over their competitors. According to Kotler product have three levels, core product, actual Product and augmented product, see Coca Cola product levels in (Appendix 3) Product life cycle is the course of a products sales and profiles over its lifetime. It involves five distinct stages: product development, introduction, growth, maturity and decline (Kotler, et al, 2005). When companies introduce new product, it takes some time to be extensively accepted, at which point its sales and incomes will begin to rise. This will attract other competitors into the market, cause the market to mature. Finally, the market will decline as companies start to introduce the next product, and customers switch to that product. See Coca Cola product life cycle in (Appendix 4) Coca Cola Company provides different type soft drinks like Coke Zero, Diet Coke, Fanta etc. There good image makes the organisation more strong. Coca Cola is providing good taste, quality products with qualified staff, good atmosphere and hygienic environment. They are specialised in soft and fizzy drinks. Coca Cola have created good image in customers mind, their image is reputable and reliable, and it has one of the most well-liked soft drinks available. They have well-known which is why customers feel comfortable in buying Coca Cola products. Coca Cola can market too many different segments. Coca Cola can market their product to teenagers much easier than older people, because teenagers are their target market. See Coca Colas mission statement in (Appendix 5). Explain how distribution is arranged to provide customer convenience. Distribution in marketing acts importantly to attract customers convenience and organisations use method of distribution to see their ability. Two types of channel of distribution methods are available. Indirect distribution involves distributing product by the use of an intermediary. Direct distribution involves distributing direct from a manufacturer to the consumer (Kotler, et al, 2005). Distribution is underneath the group of place, therefore organisations create a precise distribution method so that its readily available to the customers and it can improve possible sales for an organisation. See Coca Cola distribution channels in (Appendix 6). The Coca Cola Company sell its products with bottling and canning operations. The distributors get to the Coca Cola to the wholesalers and the wholesalers get it to retailers and at final the customers buy Coca Cola from retailer shop. If Coca Cola does not work on its distribution services then their bottles are just reachable at their factories then customers may not be keen to get them. Its more appropriate for the customer to buy Coca Cola from a close seller as compared to getting it from factory. Therefore distribution system of an organisation can be both its weakness and strength. Companies should know that their products are available at retailer shops and stores where customers can easily buy it. Explain how prices are set to reflect an organisations objectives and market conditions. One of the parts in the marketing mix is pricing. This part of the 4Ps are the one making returns and which is also why it is important that an organisation chooses the right price. Pricing is one of the most significant parts of the Coca Cola Company marketing mix, which makes revenue for them. Coca Cola use different types of pricing strategies. The pricing strategies are standing much on what aims the company has put itself to achieve. See (Appendix 7). Owing to the accessibility of wide variety products the pricing is complete according to the market and geographic segment. Each sub-brand of coca cola has different pricing strategy. Their pricing strategy is base on the competitors pricing, Pepsi is one of their competitor in soft drink industry. The Coca-Cola Company choose their pricing objective they believe will be most effective in dispensing their brand to customer, to do this Coca-Cola use market-skimming pricing. Coca Cola Company use marketing-skimming as there is a enough number of purchasers that have a high demand, also Coca Cola sets an primary high price and then lower the price to make the product available to a extensive market. Coca Cola Company use penetration pricing strategy as they want to hold maximum share of the market by maximum profit. Coca Cola use discount pricing, where their products prices are often become down during sale periods and special occasions, like Christmas, Easter etc. Also Coca Cola use competitor pricing, where to meet the competition pricing, their products pricing are set about the same level as it competitors. Illustrate how promotional activity is integrated to achieve marketing objectives. Promotion being an element of marketing mix consists of communication among the customer and seller of that product (Kotler, et al, 2005). Promotional activities are important element because, these activities are performed in order to inform customers about the product and it includes personal selling, adverting, public relations, sales promotion, direct marketing etc. An advertisement, for instance helps a buyer to get to know about the company and it is products, this can be done by bill boards, banners or posters. The benefit of advertisement is that it informs people about different products and services, their utilities, cost and other requirements. The disadvantage is cost because advertising is more expansive. In personal selling companies use their staffs to sell their product after face-to-face communication with the customer and seller efforts to convince a customer to purchase the product. Personal selling is one of the ways to keep good customers relationships, but this method is expensive. Sales promotion is short term incentives to encourage purchase or sales of a product or service (Kotler, et al, 2005). Here are some examples of sales promotions activities and it includes buy-one-get-one-free, bonus points, free gift cards, vouchers and coupons, competitions and prize draws, etc. The advantage is that sales promotion can help companies to provide right information to customers, also it encourage repeat purchases and customer loyalty, but the advantages are that it increase price sensitivity and it is generally for a short duration Public relations play an important role in promotion. It can be used to create a good image of the company for example magazines, TV or radio etc. PR is inexpensiveness of the cost, but it is hard to predict about the responses and it increase the risk. Direct marketing is where a company selling their products directly to people such as fliers or street advertising. It allows targeting specific customer and it can be measureable, but it is difficult to get it is direct impact and it can be quite expansive. Coca Cola use different methods of advertisement and the company spends a significant amount of money in order to be seen on billboards, radio, magazines, television, and on the internet. The Coca cola Company uses advertising as its key source of increasing buyer consciousness. It mostly uses the television; this source allows the companys products to attract more customers. Coca Cola uses the radio as another method of advertisement and this is a cheaper then TV. They use personal selling, where the company train their sales staffs, which they preform as a representative of the company to the shops. Newspapers and magazines are other forms of advertising that is extensively used by Coca Cola. Moreover, Posters, signs and billboards are also broadly used as an important part of the Coca Cola promotion. Coca Cola billboards are normally placed at the city centres and their posters are usually displayed at the shops, public transport and restaurants like McDonalds, KFC, etc. In addition, Internet is another method where different forms of Coca-Cola advertisements are placed. Specially, the brand online advertisement is assumed through the wide use of banners, on-site sponsorships and several other formats of online advertisements. Analyse the additional elements of the extended marketing mix Marketing mix has three additional elements: People, Process and Physical Evidence People are one of the elements of service marketing mix. People define a service. This mentions to the people who are in straight contact with the customer such as staff. One of the important parts in selling a product is the companys staff because most customers rely on a decent service before purchasing a product. For example, the employees in Coca Cola Company have a standard uniform. The companies always focus on friendly and quick service to its customers from their staffs. The process of the product is essential in marketing. This determines the capability of the product to supply the demand of the consumers. The process at Coca Cola Company is transparent and hidden (the whole process is not visible to the customers). Coca Cola has two types of processes which is involves bottling and labelling solutions. The most important stage that Coca Cola consider is control of the company to get products at the agreed time and good quality, and the last step they consider is, the selling of beverage for target customers of distributors. Physical evidence is an important element of marketing mix where customers will base their decisions based on the service which intangible. Companies physical evidence is supported by signs, symbols and artefacts of the business itself. Examples of this would be the signage in Coca Cola which reassures the customer through branding. Plan marketing mixes for two different segments in consumer markets. Coca Cola Company is focusing on target market; when it markets a product it mainly consider on demographic and physiographic segmentations; where demographic segment before it markets it identify the consumer groups in: age, sex, education, race, and occupation, and in physiographic it divides the market into different levels as: lower class, middle class, and upper class to identify their customers. Coca Cola segments different ages. The company focus on whole population in the world, but young generation is the target marketed of the company. Also Coca Cola segments different income levels by packing. For example, customers who have small income, Coca Cola has small returnable glass bottle, for middle people it has small non returnable bottle and for rich and higher income people, the company has Coca Cola tin. Marketing mix for Diet Coke: Coca Cola developed a new product. This product is a diet drink by the name of Diet Coke. They have designed the marketing mix of product which is detail in below: Product: Diet Coke is a very fresh and tasty diet drink. This new and fresh drink is made to provide the consumers with energetic feel with taste as well. Diet Coke is available in different sizes of which start from 330ml 2L bottle. This drink is mainly for the female teenagers from age 16 24. (Get Me Media, 2012) Price: Price of Diet Coke is very reasonable as compared to its major competitors. According to Tesco price its 330ml bottle is for 65p and 2L bottle is for  £1.98. Place: placement has an important role to play in the products success and failure. That is why the company makes sure that the Diet Coke is place in such a way in market that its in reach of every customer. They have very strong distribution channel and their product is available on maximum stores in the city. Promotion: For a product of such high standards like Diet Coke it requires good promotional activities. For this purpose the Coca Cola Company have chosen following promotional tools: for advertisement the company have use different types of media like television, newspaper, magazines, internet and radio. Illustrate differences in marketing products and services to businesses rather than consumers There are some characteristics to a service such as: lack of ownership, intangibility and inseparability. Each of these taken into account when marketing a service, see (Appendix 8). A product is something which is tangible where as a service is intangible. A product is much easier than the service because after marketing and selling a product there is something tangible to be seen by the customers for they are satisfaction but in services they cannot because its intangible. Basically, the marketing of product is particularly focused on 4Ps in marketing mix namely product, price, place, and promotion. The Coca Cola Company analyse the major demand of their customers in order to find out a product that can respond the market demand. Firstly, Coca Cola Company focuses on the strength as well as eliminates the vulnerabilities of marketed products in order to improve products to meet customers demand as much as possible. Secondly, they focus on the pricing factor in product marketing because the price must be set to match with the purchasing power of a target group. The Coca Cola know the nature price of selling products. Thirdly, the Coca Cola focus on place because place of product marketing refers to distribution channels to deliver and sell the product to customers. Lastly, they create the promotion on the product in order to persuade customers and motivate the sale in a short term. On the other hand, a service is the action that provide for customers. The service marketing is generally use 7Ps which is extended from 4Ps by adding people, process and physical evidence. It is important for any service industry to employ appropriate staffs or people. Employing and training of staffs have good impact that is why the Coca Cola Company gives training to their staffs because most of customers will judge the quality of their service from staffs. Therefore, Coca Cola employ staffs that have good and interpersonal skills. Conclusion: The essay shows that marketing mix (4Ps and 7Ps) is a very important part of creating marketing strategy, also it is crucial for a company to implement their marketing concept successfully. The Coca Cola Company develops their product or service to meet the customers needs and wants; then they seem into determining how their consumer going to receive the product and they consider direct or indirect channels of distribution. The Coca Cola Company will decide a price for their products that ensures a profit. Finally, they promote their product by using different advertising methods to attract customers.

Doing Business in Vietnam Essay

Vietnam has had an impressive economic growth over the last two decades and continues to grow rapidly. Over a short period of time Vietnam has gone from a starving country to a major exporter of agricultural goods. Today Vietnam is considered one of the most open economies in the world, with total import and export value corresponding to roughly 160 percent of GDP. In 2007 Vietnam joined WTO and since then numerous reforms have helped the investment climate improve significantly, resulting in a growing inflow of foreign investments and companies. For foreign investors Vietnam has mainly been, and continues to be, an attractive choice for establishing labour intensive, low-technology production. However, as the income levels increase and the consumer behaviour changes, it has become more common to establish businesses oriented towards selling goods on the Vietnamese market. Many companies describe Vietnam as a good complement to the home market, with growing potentials offered by a very young, dynamic population. It is described as cheap to establish new brands and commercialism is still relatively young. Advice for starting a business in Vietnam. One of the main problems for businesses in Vietnam is difficulties with predictability, transparency and clarity in terms of regulations and relations with public authorities. The gaps between legislation, implementation and enforcement are big in Vietnam. Starting a company is associated with some administration (several forms and procedures) and also associated with strategic considerations in terms of the legal form of the company (e.g. joint stock company, representative office etc). So, the first advice is Be prepared to spend a lot of time taking care of administrative procedures (e.g. different forms, contracts and licenses), it means: * Try to get a good overview of the different ministries, authorities and departments you are likely to be in touch with within your business area. * Make sure to have someone with good networks on the relevant state administration level, whom you can consult on these issues The second advice: Do a throughout research on Human Resource in Viet N am. Human resource issues are often described as the most difficult area when doing business in Vietnam. This is mainly because of different cultures. The employee turnover is generally high in Vietnam. It is therefore important to provide the employees with reasons to stay in the company. Most companies stress the importance of investing in the employees. One of the keys to business success in Vietnam is understanding that local customs and behaviours have a significant effect on business relationships, which means paying more money do not keep your employees, understand and being friend with them do. The third advice related to Export/Import matter. The Vietnamese government has shown itself committed to implement the WTO commitments. As a result, trade regulations are softening up slowly. However, when inexperienced, trading can be a difficult area in Vietnam. As there are no extensive guides or manuals to trading and no complaining mechanisms at the custom offices. Efficient trading (import/export) is often a matter of learning-by-doing. Problems can to large extent be avoided by doing thorough research on regulations, in order to ensure that all documents are in order and all laws are followed.